Passive voice, czyli strona bierna, używana jest do tego, żeby wskazać że jakaś rzecz jest robiona przez kogoś zamiast mówić że dana osoba jakąś rzecz robi.
Porównaj:
My mum cooks dinner every day. – moja mama gotuje obiad codziennie.
Dinner is cooked by my mum every day. – obiad jest gotowany przez moją mamę codziennie.
Zdanie składa się z podmiotu (który zwykle jest rzeczą), czasownika „być” oraz III formy czasownika (Past Participle).
Zobacz: czasowniki nieregularne oraz jak dodawać końcówkę – ed.
Budowa wygląda więc tak:
| Subject (usually an object) | „be” | Past Particiciple III forma |
Czasownik „TO BE” wygląda następująco w określonych czasach:
| PRESENT „be” – is/are/am |
| PAST SIMPLE”be” – was/were |
| PRESENT PERFECT”be” – „have been” / „has been” |
| FUTURE SIMPLE”be” – „will be” |
Porównaj zdania (w formie Active voice oraz Passive voice dla najczęstszych struktur):
| Active voice | Passive voice |
| PRESENT SIMPLE: 1. My mum opens the shop every day. 2. The author writes many books a year. 3. The mechanic doesn’t repair such machines. 4. My dad doesn’t cook dinner in my houses. 5. Do you write many letters? 6. Does she prepare breakfast every day? | PRESENT SIMPLE: 1. The shop is opened every day by my mum. 2. Many books a year are written by the author. 3. Such machines aren’t repaired by the mechanic. 4. Dinner isn’t cooked by my dad in my house. 5. Are many letters written by you? 6. Is breakfast prepared by her every day? |
| PAST SIMPLE: 1. Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution. 2. My grandfather built the house many years ago. 3. She didn’t tidy the house. 4. Did they print the documents? | PAST SIMPLE: 1. The theory of evolution was developed by Charles Darwin. 2. The house was built by my grandfather many years ago. 3. The house wasn’t tidied by her. 4. Were the documents printed by them? |
| FUTURE SIMPLE: 1. They will build the house in two years. 2. The company will open a new office in New York next year. 3. Will you prepare the report soon? 4. They won’t publish the news tomorrow. | FUTURE SIMPLE: 1. The house will be built in two years by them. 2. A new office in New York will be opened by the company next year. 3. Will the report be prepared soon by you? 4. The news won’t be published tomorrow. |
| PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: 1. I have made a lot of money for the company. 2. She hasn’t prepared the documents for us. 3. Have you created the menu yet? | PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: 1. A lot of money has been made for the company by me. 2. The documents haven’t been prepared for us. 3. Has the menu been created yet? |
| PRESENT CONTINUOUS: 1. They are replacing the roof now. 2. They aren’t building the bridge. 3. Are you fixing the machine? | PRESENT CONTINUOUS: 1. The roof is being replaced now. 2. The bridge isn’t being built. 3. Is the machine being fixed? |
| PAST CONTINUOUS: 1. They were redecorating their house. 2. They weren’t putting up the tents. 3. Were you installing new software at 4? | PAST CONTINUOUS: 1. Their house was being redecorated. 2. The tents weren’t being put up. 3. Was new software being installed at 4? |
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